HIV Infection and Aging

Imaging was performed on a 3 Tesla (3T) whole-body system (3T and Excite; General Electric) using an 8-channel receive head coil. High-resolution structural images for anatomical confirmation were acquired using an inversion recovery prepared 3-dimensional fast spoiled pulse sequence (inversion time [TI], 450 ms; repetition time [TR], 7.9 ms; echo time [TE], 3.1 ms; flip […]

Read More →

February 18, 2011 – 4:21 pm | By Dan Frost | Posted in Infections | Comments (0)

HIV Infection and Aging

We investigated the interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and aging and their effects on brain function demands by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A multiple-regression model was used to study the association and interaction between fMRI measures, HIV serostatus, and age for 26 HIV-infected subjects and 25 seronegative subjects. Although HIV […]

Read More →

February 17, 2011 – 7:46 pm | By Dan Frost | Posted in Infections | Comments (0)

Prevention of Hepatitis C Virus in Injecting Drug Users

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remain major public health problems among injecting drug users (IDUs). In 2007, it was estimated that there were 15.9 million IDUs worldwide, with 3 million living with HIV. While similar data are not available for HCV, given an HCV prevalence of 65%, it is estimated […]

Read More →

February 15, 2011 – 11:46 pm | By Dan Frost | Posted in Hepatitis | Comments (0)

Tale of Two Epidemics. Part 5

It is increasingly recognized that programs to prevent MTCT must also consider the health of the mother. Antiretroviral prophylaxis regimens, although they prevent MTCT, do not stop progression of HIV infection in the mother. Studies in Africa have shown a 3–4-fold increase in the risk of death in children, regardless of their HIV infection status, […]

Read More →

February 12, 2011 – 9:49 pm | By Dan Frost | Posted in Other | Comments (0)

Tale of Two Epidemics. Part 4

A remaining significant challenge in resource-limited countries is transmission of HIV through breast-feeding. Infected women in such settings have a significant dilemma: breast-feeding, although it provides substantial health and survival benefits to the infant and contraceptive, economic, and social benefits to the mother, is associated with risk of HIV transmission to the infant. Avoidance of […]

Read More →

February 10, 2011 – 2:38 am | By Dan Frost | Posted in Other | Comments (0)

Tale of Two Epidemics. Part 3

The availability and acceptance of voluntary and confidential HIV counseling and testing services are critical in enabling pregnant women to determine their HIV infection status and to be able to access preventive interventions, and additional resources will be required in many settings to introduce such programs. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and nongovernmental […]

Read More →

February 9, 2011 – 3:22 pm | By Dan Frost | Posted in Other | Comments (0)

Tale of Two Epidemics. Part 2

Unfortunately, the complexity and cost of the PACTG 076 zidovudine regimen has restricted its applicability to resource-rich countries. The World Health Organization estimated that 3.2 million children were living with HIV infection at the end of 2002, the vast majority infected through MTCT. More than 90% of these perinatal infections occurred in resource-limited countries. The […]

Read More →

February 5, 2011 – 8:10 pm | By Dan Frost | Posted in Other | Comments (0)

Tale of Two Epidemics

The results of the South African Intrapartum Nevirapine Trial (SAINT), published in this issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases provide further evidence of the safety and efficacy of short-course antiretroviral prophylaxis regimens for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). SAINT compared 2 intrapartum/postpartum antiretroviral regimens, multiple-dose zidovudine/lamivudine and single-dose […]

Read More →

February 3, 2011 – 12:48 am | By Dan Frost | Posted in Other | Comments (0)

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and HIV-1

This issue of the Journal continues the dialogue on the interaction between HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Two articles in this issue, one by Kapiga et al., describing a cohort of women in Tanzania, and the other by Cachay et al., describing a cohort of largely men who have sex with men […]

Read More →

January 28, 2011 – 3:27 pm | By Dan Frost | Posted in Infections | Comments (0)

The Necessity and Quandaries of Dengue Vaccine Development

Dengue is an emerging and reemerging arboviral disease of great global public health importance. Increased transmission and disease outbreaks are being driven by population growth, urbanization, international travel, and unchecked vector populations. Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and parts of the Caribbean experience endemic and hyperendemic dengue virus (DENV) transmission while indigenous transmission is […]

Read More →

January 27, 2011 – 10:22 am | By Dan Frost | Posted in Infections | Comments (0)